From 2012 to 2021, the Legal Amazon region recorded 6,505 land conflicts, with a significant increase after 2016. Maranhão, Pará, and Rondônia concentrated 57.1% of the occurrences, and the state of Roraima experienced significant growth due to violence against indigenous territories.
The study in the new Thematic Supplement points to the internalization of violence to new areas of the western Amazon, where land control becomes a central dispute between different development models. Farmers (31.9%), land grabbers (17.5%), and businesspeople (16.1%) were the main perpetrators of the conflicts, which particularly affected squatters, indigenous people, and quilombola communities.